People have been oppressed and suffered for a long time up to extent of friars contrariety to the superiorities, state, and the royalties of Spain. Slavery was widely employed to take control over properties as well as religious pretext covering up true intentions for colonization.
The injustice and maltreatments of the friars made the masses cry as they impose barbarous actions within the nation. It is very evident that the struggles of the Filipino people before is not something to be ignored or forgotten.
They've all been allocated to various departments. Despite the fact that they share the same goals and are from the same country, they have become rivals and are attempting to expand their own spheres of influence. The encomienda system was initiated, and it was a Spanish administrative colonization that took over the role of pacification and exploitation. It was supposedly established, according to the book, for the purpose of educating the people concerning Catholicism and fortify the community to defend nation from the domination.
The aim of the said system was a complete paradox since during the colonization, the encomienda system can be seen as the act of gaining wealth and power; ruling with vicious intents. As the system continues to run rampant, the population of peonages has risen. Encomenderos enslaved people to labor for them and collect more taxes than the law has authorized.
Due of their authority and greediness in positions, they refuse to fulfill their roles because of their ruthless activities for personal gain. They were not able to refute since the authorities in charge were influential.
In the seventh chapter of the book, resistance were shown during the colonization of Spain and some of the minority groups united in opposition to the I influence of the Spaniards.
In this course, natives of the Philippines gradually acquired consciousness of their identity as a nation. People's uprisings were primarily negative responses to colonial tyranny rather than positive movements directed at accomplishing national objectives.
The surge of Asian immigrants had an impact on the economy, and they quickly adapted into Philippine society. By introducing them to worldwide trade, England also strengthened their economy.
New commodities and industries were introduced, thus enhancing the economy. The ideologies of the Europeans has shifted towards capitalism resulting to a difference within the Philippine economy. The British and the Chinese were becoming more involved into the economy of the Philippines during this time and Americans took interest into it, too.
The Boholano Revolution, led by Francisco Dagohoy, was one of the most successful and longest resistance efforts in Philippine history, lasting 85 years. It was one of two major revolts in Bohol during the Spanish rule, the other being the Tamblot Uprising, which rejected the spread of Catholicism in their town by the Spaniards. Dagohoy's reason for revolting against Spaniards was once exacerbated and ignited by forced labor and excessive tax collection.
This really showed the desire to liberate the Filipinos from foreigners. It began as vengeance for a Jesuit priest's reluctance to give his brother a proper Christian burial and sympathy for thousands of people who had also experienced injustices from the colonizers. With the statement above, the evidence of nationalism and unity can be seen within the Filipinos.
The main points of chapter 8 and 9 is further documented in chapter The Industrial Revolution and the concept of liberalism fueled a rise in Filipino consciousness. The occurrences of past uprisings, the Philippines' ever-growing economy, the principalia, and sociological changes have all spurred a new mindset.
As a result, the concept of being "Filipino" has grown in popularity; nonetheless, the majority of them have maintained their Spanish lifestyles and values. Spain had sort of became a subordinate of England due to the exports of textiles made by England—Spain had suffered.
England became the foremost capitalist nation in the world. The Philippines became an Anglo- Chinese colony and because of that, England and China has been involve in the trading system by using Spain as their primary franchisers. Chinese monopolized the trading system and artisary of the Philippines. Chapter 9, it is where documented that the Philippine isolation ended. Filipinos were somewhat free, but not literally, and it happened between 18th century and the start of the 19th century.
A new vision emerged as a result of the French revolution and Napoleonic wars which is liberalism, thus the idea of liberty developed in the minds of the Filipinos.
In this course, it stated the progression of liberal thinking starting with the Cadiz Constitution. It resulted to revolutionary movements like the Sarrat revolt in which is caused by the abolition and expectations of the Filipino on the Cadiz constitution. Europeans retaliated by prohibiting books and other scriptures, as well as suppressing mutinies and ideas that would influence the populace' thinking.
So this book will help us to pointed out the unbiased and correct history in our country. This book contains of four parts and eighteen chapters. Without people there can be no history for us.
Constantino tells us in chapter one that a bunch of men fights for the freedom of our country. That these men aware people of the importance of having independence in our life. In colonial scholarships, Filipino historians are held captive or hostage by Spanish and American historiography.
These Filipino historians leaked out so much evil doings about our history since most of our history was written by the colonizers. The story they made deserves acknowledgment because they change something in the Filipino mind in the certain biases from the Spanish and American times. These scholars or historians remained strong, they tried their best but sadly they failed. We, citizens, must write and know the true events in our history about the people themselves, the lives and struggles they experienced and witnessed.
We Filipinos need to know that the result of the struggles is the history they made. Struggles that when experienced, people will tend to learn. The next chapter is all about liberations. Three different countries, four times liberated us Filipinos. First is Spaniards, who brought Catholicism here to the Philippines. They colonize us by experiencing oppression from these people, years to be exact.
The second is the Americans who liberated them from Spanish oppression. Next is the Japanese who liberated them from American imperialism. Lastly the American. These three countries have different purposes in the past to liberate us. What is their purpose on liberated our country in that long years? What is their goal to liberate and look us down? First G is God; we all know our being Catholic is from Spaniards.
They brought Catholicism here in our country, for the exact person he is Ferdinand Magellan who brought Catholicism in our country. About Christianity, Miguel Lopez de Legaspi was introduced this year The second is Gold; Each of us knows that wealth is measured by the quantity of money.
In Spain, being a wealthy one is being measured by the amount of their gold and silver. The next chapter is about the Spanish administrative historian who left an aftermath of proto-anthropological observations. There are three things that a historian needs to accurate; the first is their lack of training as a social anthropologist.
We all know that anthropology is the analysis of societies and cultures and their development. Social anthropology pursues to acknowledge how people live in societies and how they make their lives meaningful. In the book, Constantino writes that the historian in the past has a lack of study in human and their cultures. And the fact that historians failed to write the truth or correct history. The next chapter is about Encomiendas. It is a feudal institution used in Spain during the Reconquista to reward the deserving generals and conquerors.
To put it another way, the task of correcting historical misconceptions was not undertaken as part of a larger effort to liberate the Filipino mind from colonial education's shackles.
On the other hand, some of these specialized studies have provided new insights into specific periods or aspects of our history. The Philippines did not have public education until , and even then, the curriculum was controlled by the church. The colony's limited higher education was entirely controlled by the clergy, but by the s, many sons of the wealthy had been sent to Europe to study.
In the liberal atmosphere, nationalism and a desire for reform flourished. The Propaganda Movement arose from this talented group of overseas Filipino students. Spanish friars discovered evidence of the Katipunan's plans in August , forcing its leaders to act prematurely.
It took two years of counterinsurgency warfare and some wise political concessions to break the back of the nationalist resistance. The Philippine Commission, which had previously served as both the legislature and the governor-cabinet, generals were elevated to the upper house of a bicameral legislature in The United States' efforts to achieve economic equality were more modest and unsuccessful.
The Philippines' preparation for democratic self-government by the United States had an inherent contradiction that was perhaps not recognized at the time. Transferring governmental authority to those capable of carrying it out was incompatible with establishing a social and economic foundation for political democracy. Filipino leaders took advantage of the opportunities for self- government that the Americans provided them quickly and effectively.
On November 15, , the Commonwealth was established. They were overwhelmingly elected. The purpose of the commonwealth period was to prepare for economic and political independence, as well as to perfect democratic institutions. The transition was not easy even before the tragic events of World War II. It is hard not to disagree with Renato Constantino's previous Philippine historiography and other historians' methods.
However, each historian has a point of view from which he examines past events, and this viewpoint influences in some extent the weight he gives to one fact over another. Whether the historian will criticize based on acknowledged heroes whose true role in the history of the Filipino people has not often been critically examined, or one who will use objective history, which includes the retailing of facts, in the hopes of maintaining historical objectivity.
Constantino's analysis of the Filipinos' miseducation by the American- created educational system, which instilled the colonial master's benevolence, has been liberating in many ways. Filipinos were gradually trained to see the American colonizers as their benefactors as a result of their miseducation under the American colonial regime, and to allow themselves to be exploited by the Americans.
This exploitation sparked a new wave of resistance, raising people's awareness of the source of their misery, the colonial relationship. The book then becomes a "people's history," with the following goal in mind "In the history of these struggles, we find certain laws of development that give us a better understanding of reality and can guide us to higher forms of struggle for the people's cause. Philippine history benefit is that it provides a thread of continuity for the facts of the Filipino nation's development.
The historian's task, according to Constantino, is to trace the pattern that gives meaning to the historical record's disparate events, as if it were one emerging from the events themselves.
His determinist historical theory, on the other hand, will not allow it. Introduction by John R. Taylor to Get "Historical Truth from Prejudice". The Philippines rebelled against the United States.
So far, Constantine has mainly focused on colonial historiography from the American era in Filipino history. In Clark M. Rectos' biography "The Misunderstanding Education of the Filipinos" and many other articles and brochures, he reveals the harmfulness of earlier official views of the Philippines, inspired by colonial historiography and the impact of the American education system.
Its shadow distorts the true story of its past in Filipino minds. You cannot understand the real cause of evil in modern society without understanding the root of the moment. Like Rizal, Constantino viewed history as a means of liberating the Filipino people. Reject the views of the colonial powers or Filipinos on the history of the Philippines. Filipinos often perceive why the first literary period is the most informative in the Philippine history.
The way how pre-colonial changes everything. Filipino's before had a unique culture and unique ways of life. And so, here we discussed and learned how pre-colonial has been transformed in Philippine History and see the comparisons if history has been changed and if it has evolved and developed. Same as Rizal, Constantino regarded history as a means to liberate the Filipino people. This is how human history connects past and present experiences. The discovery that some known historical evidence is only forged has made people more and more aware that some foreign documents that were once the center of historical books were prejudiced during the fermentation period of nationalism.
All of this, combined with the Filipinos' rising awareness of their specific ethnic origins, has led to many attempts to go back in time. Lately, the rise of nationalist movements in Filipino society heralded the need for a new environment for Filipino culture.
Filipino historians are taught to be strivers to Spanish and American history. They have a natural bias towards Filipino culture. Some of these scientists fought bravely to solve this problem.
Restrictions on education level. The foreign policies of Spain had a significant impact on the developing Filipino communities. Some historians ignore the entire historical period because it is Spanish history. Spanish colonial politics and certain aspects of Spanish history and culture.
Other scholars idealized the leaders of other countries and planned their fame they fail to understand and must carefully analyze the role of certain men in order to make the story have a nationalist perspective.
Otherwise, other myths will spread, and people will continue to imagine that this story is the work of heroes. Nevertheless, his impact is limited because the work of these scientists continues mainly for the benefit of "objectivity. Conditions have the greatest impact on the city itself, and the nature of oppression determines the intensity and direction of any struggle.
Every ruler was opposed by the people and After each "liberation", they found their land was occupied by foreigners. Filipinos have had the hard luck of being "freed" four times in the entire history. The Spaniards were the first to liberate them from "slavery into the devil", followed by the Americans to "liberate" them from Spanish pressure. Spanish colonial rule was a foreign power that destroyed and distracted the growth of indigenous communities.
To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. The Philippines: A Past Revisited Janelle G. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Have you ever wondered about the history textbooks that we read on the library or in the internet?
Do you think those are enough to truly explain what happened before from what we have here right now?
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